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Nanai people
The Nanai people (self-designation нани Nani means 'natives, locals, people of the land/earth'; self-designation Hezhen means 'people of the Orient'; Russian: нанайцы, ''nanaitsy''; Chinese: 赫哲族, ''Hèzhézú''; formerly also known as Golds, Goldes, Goldi and Samagir) are a Tungusic people of the Far East, who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang (Amur), Songhuajiang (Sunggari) and Ussuri rivers on the Middle Amur Basin. The ancestors of the Nanais were the Jurchens of northernmost Manchuria.
The Nanai/Hezhe language belongs to the Manchu-Tungusic languages. According to the 2010 census there were 12,003 Nanais in Russia.
==Endonyms==
Own names are ( and ) and ().〔Ān Jùn 安俊: Hèzhéyǔ jiǎnzhì 赫哲语简志 (''Introduction to the Hezhen language''; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1986). Page 1.〕 means 'land, earth, ground, country' or, in this context, 'native, local' and , , means 'people' in different dialects.
The Russian linguist L. I. Sem gives the self-name in the Cyrillic form, ''хэǯэ най'' (''Hezhe nai'') or ''хэǯэны'' (''Hezheni''), and explains it as the self-name of the Nanais of the lower Amur, meaning, "people who live along the lower course of the river".〔Сем Л. И. (L. I. Sem) "Нанайский язык" (Nanai language), in "Языки мира. Монгольские языки. Тунгусо-маньчжурские языки. Японский язык. Корейский язык" (''Languages of the World: Mongolic languages; Tunguso-Manchurian languages; Japanese language; Korean language''). Moscow, Indrik Publishers, 1997. ISBN 5-85759-047-7. Page 174. L.I. Sem gives the self name in Cyrillic, as ''хэǯэ най'' or ''хэǯэны''〕 It is the source of the Chinese name for the Nanais, formerly "黑斤" (''Heijin''), "赫哲哈喇" (''Hezhehala''), and modern Chinese name "赫哲" (''Hezhe'').〔(Hezhe, Talk about the history of the Chinese ethnics )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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